经销关系中双边道德风险的一种契约解决机制

对于需要进行专用性资产投资或通过契约安排形成专用性资产投资的经销关系中,往往会存在双边道德风险:一是生产商敲竹杠的道德风险;二是经销商隐蔽行为的道德风险。本文通过一个简单的不完全契约安排试图解决这种双边道德风险,以取得社会最优投资,促使交易的完整进行。     

环境税双重红利理论的动态扩展——基于内生增长理论的初步分析框架

从内生经济增长角度对环境税宏观经济效应进行研究,初步扩展了环境税双重红利理论假说。研究结果表明,环境税是通过环境税率的增长率实现长期经济可持续发展、节能减排和社会福利三重效应的,而不是通过环境税率加以影响的,从而有别于传统环境税双重红利假说。     

生态标志型水稻要素资源需求与经济效应分析

基于对调查数据的处理,主要研究生态标志型水稻与常规水稻在投入品需求、成本收益及生产效率等方面的差异及其影响因素,以期把握我国生态标志型水稻生产规律.     

我国高等教育财政绩效拨款模式改革的思考

高等教育规模扩大和政府财政支出下降的矛盾日益突出,出于对高等教育机构效率低下问题的日益关注,世界各国出现了调整高等教育财政拨款方式的趋势。我国进入高等教育大众化发展阶段后,也出现了上述问题。针对目前我国高等教育面临需求压力巨大、规模迅速扩张、质量问题凸现、投入不足等诸多矛盾,我国高等教育财政拨款模式改革的目标应定位为：借鉴国外有益经验,努力提高高教财政拨款与管理的科学性、公开性、公平性,强调高教资金分配的竞争}生、择优性及效益。（一）拨款机制改革：构建“政府一中介一学校”三方协调运作机制模式;（二）拨款方法由单一的“综合定额加专项补助”模式改为“公式加合同”复合模式。     

论企业的双重属性

本文从企业人、资产、产品、价值、环境等与企业行为相关的五方面较为全面地分析了企业双重属性的内涵,指出企业必须认识到自己所天然具有的社会及经济属性,并以此作为指导企业发展设计和规范企业行为的意识准备。     

Competition and Regulation in Franchise Bidding

In this work we show that the separation property identified in the franchise bidding literature depends strictly on the hypothesis of coincidence of the regulator's beliefs with those of the competing firms. Nevertheless, in many contexts it is more truthful to hypothesize that the regulator's information is vaguer than that of the producers, so we introduce the possibility that the regulator is dealing with a double informational asymmetry as compared to the firms. In this case, the separation property is no longer valid, and the optimal tariff becomes a decreasing function of the degree of competition exercised during the auction.     

Double Dividend with Involuntary Unemployment: Efficiency and Intergenerational Equity

This paper analyzes the double dividend and distributional issues within an overlapping generations model framework with involuntary unemployment. We characterize the necessary conditions needed to obtain a double dividend, when the revenue of the environmental tax is recycled by a variation of the labor tax rate. We show that an employment dividend may occur without any efficiency dividend and that the young generation is not always harmed by the fiscal reform, even without any intergenerational transfers. Therefore, three dividends (environmental, efficiency and intergenerational equity) can occur simultaneously.     

解读2005年中国国际收支平衡表

国际收支平衡表不仅综合记载了一国在一定时期内与世界各国的经济往来的情况和在世界经济中的地位及其消长对比情况,而且还集中反映了该国的经济类型和经济结构。2005年,中国的国际收支巨额顺差,具有鲜明特色.透过国际收支平衡表,可以发现中国国际收支的结构特征、问题所在,进而提出改进措施和政策建议。     

Double Moral Hazard,Monitoring, and the Nature of Contracts

generalized double-sided moral-hazard model, with risk-averse parties who mutually monitor each other (to get a reasonable idea of outcome/effort). The model considers trade-off between monitoring costs and moral hazard costs, which are endogenously determined by the extent of monitoring. Using this model, we formally prove a generalized version of Coase's conjecture – that the optimal contract minimizes the agency and risk costs. We then show how varying assumptions about the feasibility or cost of monitoring of the outcome or the worker's effort lead to different contracts being optimal. The analysis is then used to explain the nature of contracts observed in practice under many different situations. We will give an explanation as to why industrial workers typically work under wage contracts, while share contracts are common in agriculture and will explain why profit sharing is more common for senior managers than for the production workers. Received September 19, 2000; revised version received October 30, 1997     

模糊自动控制理论在高速公路机电设备中的应用

文章介绍了在直流并励电动机控制中引进模糊自动控制,可以实现电动机恒流起动、恒速运行,降低电机的故障率,保障它的运行。